Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Volume 13, Issue 2 , Pages 205-211 , April 2009

Exercise intention, age and stress predict increased qigong exercise adherence

  • John Jouper

      Affiliations

    • School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +4619303555; fax: +4619303486.
  • ,
  • Peter Hassmén

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden

Received 5 June 2008 ,Revised 14 August 2008 ,Accepted 22 August 2008.

References 

  1. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Processes. 1991;50:179–211
  2. Ajzen I, Madden TJ. Prediction of goal-directed behavior: attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1986;22:453–474
  3. American College of Sports Medicine . ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. sixth ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000;
  4. American College of Sports Medicine . ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. seventh ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006;
  5. Armitage CJ. Can the theory of planned behavior predict the maintenance of physical activity?. Health Psychology. 2005;24:235–245
  6. Buckworth J, Lee RE, Regan G, Schneider LK, DiClemente CC. Decomposing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise: application to stages of motivational readiness. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2008;8:441–461
  7. Cohen KS. The Way of Qigong: The Art and Science of Chinese Energy Healing. New York: The Ballantine Publishing Group; 1997;
  8. Courneya KS. Understanding readiness for regular physical activity in older individuals: an application of theory of planned behavior. Health Psychology. 1995;14:80–87
  9. Cowen VS, Adams TB. Physical and perceptual benefits of yoga asana practice: results of a pilot study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2005;9:211–219
  10. Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press; 1985;
  11. Deci EL, Ryan RM. Handbook of Self-Determination Research. New York: The University of Rochester Press; 2002;
  12. Dishman RK, Buckworth J. Adherence to physical activity. In:  Morgan WP editors. Physical Activity and Mental Health. Washington: Taylor & Francis; 1997;p. 63–80
  13. Fan, X., 2000. Qigong enligt Biyun. Låt livskraften återvända. [In Swedish: Qigong according to Biyun. Allow the life force to return]. Svenska Förlaget, Stockholm.
  14. Francis JJ, Eccles MP, Johnston M, Walker A, Grimshaw J, Foy R, et al. Constructing Questionnaires Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. United Kingdom: Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle; 2004;
  15. Ingledew DK, Markland D, Medley AR. Exercise motives and stages of change. Journal of Health Psychology. 1998;3:477–489
  16. Jouper J, Hassmén P, Johansson M. Qigong exercise with concentration predicts increased health. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2006;6:949–957
  17. Kemp C. Qigong as a therapeutic intervention with older adults. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2004;4:351–373
  18. King AC, Kiernan M, Oman RF, Kraemer HC, Hull M, Ahn D. Can we identify who will adhere to long-term physical activity? Signal detection methodology as a potential aid to clinical decision making. Health Psychology. 1997;16:380–389
  19. Kjellberg A, Bolin B. Self-reported arousal: further development of a multifactorial inventory. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 1974;15:285–292
  20. Kjellberg, A., Iwanowski, S., 1989. Stress/Energi- formuläret: Utveckling av en metod för skattning av sinnesstämning i arbetet. [The Stress-Energy questionnaire: Construction of a method for assessment of mood state at work]. Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Undersökningsrapport 26, Solna.
  21. Kjellberg, A., Wadman, C., 2002. Subjektiv stress och dess samband med psykosociala förhållanden och besvär: En prövning av stress-energi-modellen. [In Swedish: Subjective stress and correlations with psychosocial factors: A test of the Stress-Energy Model]. Arbetslivsinstitutet, Stockholm.
  22. Lamb SE, Bartlett HP, Ashley A, Bird W. Can lay-led walking programmes increase physical activity in middle aged adults? A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2002;56:246–252
  23. Lee MS, Ryu H, Chung H-T. Stress management by psychosomatic training: effects of ChunDoSunBup qi-training on symptoms of stress: a cross-sectional study. Stress Medicine. 2000;16:161–166
  24. Lee MS, Hong S-S, Lim H-J, Lim H-J, Kim H-J, Woo W-H, et al. Retrospective survey on therapeutic efficacy of qigong in Korea. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2003;5:809–815
  25. Lee M, Kang C-W, Lim H-J, Lee M-S. Effects of qi-training on anxiety and plasma concentration of cortisol, ACTH, and aldosterone: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Stress and Health. 2004;20:243–248
  26. Mills N, Allen J, Carey Morgan S. Does tai chi/qigong help patients with multiple sclerosis?. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2000;4:39–48
  27. Muscolino JE, Cipriani S. Pilates and the “powerhouse”-1. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2004;8:15–24
  28. Parkkari J, Natri A, Kannus P, Mänttäri A, Laukkanen R, Haapasalo H, et al. A controlled trial of the health benefits of regular walking on a golf course. American Journal of Medicine. 2000;109:102–108
  29. Pelletier LG, Fortier MS, Vallerand RJ, Tuson KM, Briere NM, Blais MR. Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: the sport motivation scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 1995;17:35–53
  30. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1983;51:390–395
  31. Ryan RM, Fredrick CM, Lepes D, Rubio N, Sheldon KM. Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1997;28:335–354
  32. Sancier KM. Medical applications of qigong. Alternative Therapies. 1996;2:40–46
  33. Sit CHP, Kerr JH, Wong ITF. Motives for and barriers to physical activity participation in middle-aged Chinese women. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2008;9:266–283
  34. Stetson BA, Rahn JM, Dubbert PM, Wilner BL, Mercury MG. Prospective evaluation of the effects of stress on exercise adherence in community-residing women. Health Psychology. 1997;6:515–520
  35. Tang KC. Qigong therapy-its effectiveness and regulation. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 1994;3–4:235–242
  36. Thayer RE. The Origin of Everyday Moods. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996;
  37. Thayer RE. Calm Energy: How People Regulate Mood with Food and Exercise. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001;
  38. Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Ntoumanis N. The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviors, cognitions and physical self-evaluations. Journal of Sport Sciences. 2006;24:393–404
  39. US Department of Health and Human Services . second ed.. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. Vol. 2. Washington: US Government Printing Office; 2000;
  40. Wankel LM. The importance of enjoyment to adherence and psychological benefits from physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1993;24:151–169

PII: S1360-8592(08)00149-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.08.002

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Volume 13, Issue 2 , Pages 205-211 , April 2009