Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 11-21 , January 2009

Investigation into the long-term effects of static and PNF stretching exercises on range of motion and jump performance

  • Bekir Yuktasir

      Affiliations

    • Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
  • ,
  • Fatih Kaya

      Affiliations

    • Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

Received 9 August 2007 ,Revised 12 October 2007 ,Accepted 15 October 2007.

References 

  1. Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M. The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy. 1997;77(10):1090–1096
  2. Bandy WD, Irion JM. The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy. 1994;7(9):845–852
  3. Borms J, Van RP, Santes JP, Haeentjens A. Optimal duration of static stretching exercises for improvement of coxo-femoral flexibility. Journal of Sports Science. 1987;5(1):39–47
  4. Byrne C, Eston R. The effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on isometric and dynamic knee extensor strength and vertical jump performance. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2002;20:417–425
  5. Chan SP, Hong Y, Robinson PD. Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2001;11:81–86
  6. Church JB, Wiggins MS, Moode FM, Crist R. Effect of warm-up and flexibility treatment on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2001;15(3):332–336
  7. Cipriani D, Abel B, Pirrwitz D. A comparison of two stretching protocols on hip range of motion: implication for total daily stretch duration. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2003;17(2):274–278
  8. Cornwell A, Nelson AG, Sidaway B. Acute effects of stretching on the neuromechanical properties of the triceps surae muscle complex. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2002;86:428–434
  9. Coutinho EL, Gomes ARS, Franca CN, Oishi J, Salvini TF. Effect of passive stretching on the immobilized soleus muscle fiber morphology. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2004;37:1853–1861
  10. Davis DS, Ashby PE, McCale KL, McQuain JA, Wine JM. The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005;19(1):27–32
  11. De Deyme PM. Application of passive stretch and its implication for muscle fibers. Physical Therapy. 2001;81(2):819–825
  12. Decoster LA, Canion RL, Horn KD, Cleland J. Standing and supine hamstring stretching are equally effective. Journal of Athletic Training. 2004;39(4):330–334
  13. Etnyre BR, Abraham LD. H-reflex changes during static stretching and two variations of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 1986;63:174–179
  14. Feland JB, Myrer JW, Schulthies S, Fellingham GW, Meason GW. The effect of duration of stretching of the hamstring muscle group for increasing range of motion in people aged 65 years or older. Physical Therapy. 2001;81:1100–1117
  15. Ferreira GNT, Teixeeria-Salmela LF, Guimaraes CQ. Gains in flexibility related to measures of muscular performance; impact of flexibility on muscular performance. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007;17:276–281
  16. Godges J, MacRae H, Longdon C, Tinberg C, MacRae P. The effects of two stretching procedures on hip range of motion and gait economy. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1989;10:350–357
  17. Godges JJ, MacRae PG, Engelke KA. Effects of exercise on hip range of motion, trunk muscle performance, and gait economy. Physical Therapy. 1993;73(7):468–477
  18. Graham JF. Drop jumps. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 2005;27(4):57–59
  19. Gregory SF, Margaret AM, Taylor K. The effect of different durations of static hamstring stretching on passive knee-extension range of motion. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2004;14:95–107
  20. Guissard N, Duchateau J. Effect of static stretch training on neural and mechanical properties of the human plantar-flexor muscles. Muscle Nerve. 2004;29:248–255
  21. Guissard N, Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Muscle stretching and motoneuron excitability. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1988;58:47–52
  22. Handel M, Horstmann T, Dickhuth HH, Gülch RW. Effects of contract-relax stretching training on muscle performance in athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1997;76:400–408
  23. Holcomb, W.R., 2002. Stretching using PNF American College of Sports Medicine 〈http://coaching.usolympicteam.com/coaching/kpub.nsf/v/Sep02-7〉.
  24. Hortobagyi T, Faludi J, Tihanyi J, Merkley B. Effects of intense stretching-flexibility training and the mechanical profile of the knee extensors and on the range of motion of the hip joint. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1985;6:317–321
  25. Hunter JP, Marshall RN. Effects of power and flexibility training on vertical jump technique. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2002;34(3):478–486
  26. Hutton RS. Neuromuscular basis of stretching exercises. In: first ed..  Komi PV editors. Strength and Power in Sport. vol. 1:Oxford: Blach Scientific Publications; 1993;p. 29–38
  27. Knudson D, Bennett K, Corn R, Leick D, Smith C. Acute effects of stretching are not evident in the kinematics of the vertical jump. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2001;15(1):98–101
  28. Little T, Williams AG. Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006;20(1):203–207
  29. Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Agaard P, Kjaer M. biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996;24(5):622–628
  30. Magnusson SP, Aagard P, Simonsen E, Bojsen MF. A biomechanical evaluation of cyclic and static stretch in human skeletal muscle. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1998;19:310–319
  31. Malliaropoulos N, Papalexandris S, Papalada A, Papacostas E. The role of stretching in rehabilitation of hamstring injuries: 80 athletes follow-up. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2004;36(5):756–759
  32. Marek SM, Cramer JT, Fincher AL, Massey LL, Dangelmaier SM, Purkayastha S, et al. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. Journal of Athletic Training. 2005;40:94–103
  33. Moore MA, Hutton RS. Electromyographic investigation of muscle stretching techniques. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1980;12:322–329
  34. Nelson RT, Bandy WD. Eccentric training and static stretching improve hamstring flexibility of high school males. Journal of Athletic Training. 2004;39:254–258
  35. Power K, Behm D, Cahill F, Carroll M, Young W. An acute bout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance. Medicine & Science Sports Exercise. 2004;36(8):1389–1396
  36. Prentice WE. A comparison of static stretching and PNF stretching for improving hip joint flexibility. Athletic Training. 1983;18:56–59
  37. Rees SS, Murphy AJ, Watsford ML, McLachlan KA, Coutts AJ. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on stiffness and force-producing characteristics of the ankle in active women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007;21(2):572–577
  38. Roberts JM, Wilson K. Effect of stretching duration on active and passive range of motion in the lower extremity. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 1999;33:359–363
  39. Sady SP, Wortmann M, Blanke D. Flexibility training: ballistic, static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation?. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1982;63:261–263
  40. Schuback B, Hooper J, Salisbury L. A comparison of self-stretch incorporating proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation components and a therapist-applied PNF-technique on hamstring flexibility. Physiotherapy. 2004;90:151–157
  41. Stone M, Ramsey MW, Kinser AM, O’Bryant HS, Ayers C, Sands WA. Stretching: acute and chronic? The potential consequences. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 2006;28(6):66–74
  42. Taylor DG, Dalton JD, Seaber AV, Garrett WE. Viscoelastic properties of muscle-tendon units: the biomechanical effects of stretching. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1990;18:300–309
  43. Unick J, Kieffer HS, Cheesman W, Feeney A. The acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump performance in trained women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005;19(1):206–212
  44. Wallmann HW, Mercer JA, McWhorter JW. Surface electromyographic assessment of the effect of static stretching of the gastrocnemius on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005;19(3):684–688
  45. Wilson GJ, Elliott BC, Wood GA. Stretch shorten cycle performance enhancement through flexibility training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1992;24(1):116–123
  46. Witvrouw E, Mahieu N, Roosen P, McNair P. The role of stretching in tendon injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007;41:224–226
  47. Woolstenhulme MT, Grifiths CM, Woolstenhulme EM, Parcel AC. Ballistic stretching increases flexibility and acute vertical jump height when combined with basketball activity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006;20(4):799–803
  48. Worrell TW, Smith TL, Winegardner J. Effect of hamstring stretching on hamstring muscle performance. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1994;20(3):154–159
  49. Young WB, Behm DG. Effects of running, static stretching and practice jumps on explosive force production and jumping performance. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2003;43(1):21–27

PII: S1360-8592(07)00111-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2007.10.001

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 11-21 , January 2009