Is chronic hyperventilation syndrome a risk factor for sleep apnea? Part 1

References 

1. Alvarez LB, Alonso VJL, Alegre LJ, et al. Fibromyalgia syndrome: overnight falls in arterial oxygen saturation. American Journal of Medicine. 1997;101(1):54–60
2. Apneos Corporation, 2003. http://www.apneos.com/csa/html
3. Baker, L. (Ed.), 1996. Sleep apnea: what causes it? Weak diaphragm muscles may be a factor. State University of New York at Buffalo Reporter, vol. 28, p. 14.
4. Baldwin C, Quan S. Sleep disordered breathing. Nursing Clinics of North America. 2002;37(4):633–654
5. Barbarito N, Ceriana P, Nava S. Respiratory muscles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Minerva Anestesiol (September). 2001;67(9):653–658
6. Benbadis, S., 2004. EEG Atlas: Normal Sleep EEG-rapid Eye Movement Sleep. http://eMedicine.com, Inc
7. Bieniek L, Fischer J, Headley J, Oppenheimer EA. Breathing problems of polio survivors. Polio Network News. 2001;17(2):
8. Bonham, S.M., Terrillon, J.C., 1998. Does recurrent isolated sleep paralysis involve more than cognitive neurosciences? http://theconsciousdreamer.org
9. Bradley, D., 2001. Hyperventilation Syndrome—a Patient's Guide. http://www.kmc.co.nz/healthtopics.asp?A=30938
10. Buzzi, G., 2000. Sleep and neuromuscular disorders. http://www.ppadoctor.org
11. Buzzi G, Cirignotta F. Isolated sleep paralysis: a web survey. Sleep Research Online. 2000;3(2):61–66http://www.sro.org
12. Cerveri I, Fanfulla F, Zoia MC, Manni R, Tartara A. Sleep disorders in neuromuscular diseases. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 1993;48:318–321
13. Chaitow L. Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Practitioner's Guide to Treatment. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2003;
14. Chaitow L. Breathing pattern disorders (BPD), motor control, and low back pain. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2004;7(1):34–41
15. Chaitow L, Delany J. Clinical Applications of Neuromuscular Techniques—Practical Case Study Exercises. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2005;
16. Chaitow , Bradley , Gilbert . Multidisciplinary Approaches to Breathing Pattern Disorders. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2002;
17. In:  Dirckx J editors. Stedman's Concise Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;
18. Gajdos P, Quera Salva MA. Respiratory disorders during sleep and myasthenia. La Revue Neurologique (Paris). 2001;157:S145–S147
19. Gilbert C. Hyperventilation and the body. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 1998;2(2):184–191
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (826 KB)
    • CrossRef
20. Gilbert C. Emotional sources of dysfunctional breathing. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 1998;2(4):224–230
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (749 KB)
    • CrossRef
21. Gilbert C. Breathing and the cardiovascular system. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 1999;3(4):215–224
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (1119 KB)
    • CrossRef
22. Johnson MW, Remmers JE. Accessory muscle activity during sleep in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1984;57:1011–1017
23. Kapandji, I., 1974. The Physiology of the Joints, vol. 3, second ed. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
24. Kingman S. Con: sleep apnea is not an anatomical disorder. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2003;168:271–272
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
25. Leszek K, Davies R, Pack A. Control of upper airway motoneurons during REM sleep. News in Physiological Sciences. 1998;13(2):91–97
26. Liebenson C. Re-education of faulty respiration. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 1999;3(4):225–228
    • Full-Text PDF (199 KB)
    • CrossRef
27. Lieber C, Mohsenin V. Cheyne-Stokes respiration in congestive heart failure. Yale Journal of Biological Medicine. 1992;65(1):39
28. Lum LC. Hyperventilation: the tip of the iceberg. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1975;19:375–383
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
29. Magarian G, Middaugh D, Linz D. Hyperventilation syndrome: a diagnosis begging for recognition. Western Journal of Medicine. 1983;138:733–736
30. Manni R, Zucca C, Galimberti CA, Ottolini A, Cerveri L, Bruschi C, et al. Nocturnal sleep and oxygen balance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a clinical and polygraphic 2-year follow-up study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1991;240:255–257
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
31. McNicholas WT. Impact of sleep on COPD. Chest. 2000;117:48S–53S
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
32. McNicholas WT. Impact of sleep on respiratory muscle function. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 2002;57:277–280
33. Newton, E., 2004. Hyperventilation syndrome. http://Medicine.com
34. Nixon P, Andrews J. A study of anaerobic threshold in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Biological Psychology. 1996;43(3):264
    • CrossRef
35. Orem J. Medullary respiratory neuron activity: relationship to tonic and phasic REM sleep. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1980;48(1):54–65
36. Russo, M., 2004. Normal sleep, sleep physiology, and sleep deprivation: general principles. http://eMedicine.com
37. Simons, D., Travell, J., Simons, L., 1999. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: the Trigger Point Manual, vol. 1, Upper Half of Body, second ed. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
38. Tabachnik E, Muller NL, Bryan AC, Levison H. Changes in ventilation and chest wall mechanics during sleep in normal adolescents. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1981;51:557–564
39. Tusiewicz K, Moldofsky H, Bryan AC, Bryan MH. Mechanics of the rib cage and diaphragm during sleep. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1977;43:600–602
40. USResolve.org, 1999–2004. Sleep Disorders-sleep Apnea. http://usresolve.org/sleepdisorders.php
41. Xi MC, Morales F, Chase M. The motor inhibitory system operating during active sleep is tonically suppressed by GABAergic mechanisms during other states. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2001;86(4):1908–1915
    • MEDLINE